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R. K. Goel , R. K. Pandey

Abstract

Analysis of condensed tannins content in Quercus serrata and Q. semecarpifolia shows a 3.5 fold and 1.5 fold increase over a period of 45 days of leaf-growth respectively, In Q. semecarpifolia, where there is almost constant level of condensed tannins, preponement of silkworm rearing is not requind but the synchronisation of brushing with leaf sprouting is emphasized for getting maximum sunival of A. proylei J. worms, whereas in Q serrata, early brushing of larvae is quite essential in the light of increased level of condensed tannins from 0.45 per cent to 1.55 per cent within 45-47 days of leaf sprouting.

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R. K. Goel , A. K. Sinha , B. N. Brahmachari , K. Sengupta

Abstract

Shells and peduncles of nine eco-races viz., Raily, Daba TV, BOgal, Moonga, Modia, I.aria. Bhandara, Mandla and Jadai of Antheraea mylitta D. were analysed for the four constituents viz moisture, total nitrogen, total minerals and boil off loss. Results of analyses of variance reveal that the eco-race; differ significantly from each other in respect of all the four constituents of shells and peduncles. Considering inter-racial variations, mean values for all the constituents except boil off loss are higher in cocoon shells. Total nitrogen varies from 19.34% (Moonga) to 16.78% (Jadai) in cocoon shell. And from 17.82% (Railey) to 16.06% (I aria) In peduncles while total minerals content ranges between 6.00% (Raily) and 2.27% (Mandla) for shells and between 3.85% (Bhandara) and 0.823% (Raily) for peduncles. Similarly, boil of loss content varies from 21.15% (Bhandara) and 10.38% (Daba TV) in shells and from 36.01% (Raily) to 23.54% (Mandla) in peduncles. Cocoon shells and peduncles of Mandla eco-race have the hiehest moisture content (12.80% and 11.43%) and that of Raily eco-race the lowest (5.01% and 4.63%) respectively.

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R. K. Goel , R. N. Maiti , T. Prabha , M. Mohan Kumar , Prakash , G. Singh

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate safety profile of Tamrabhasma (TMB), an Indian Ayurvedic preparation of copper found to possess significant ulcer protective activity both experimentally and clinically using some general, physiological, reproductive and laboratory parameters in rats and mice. Methods: Acute toxicity study was carried out in mice and rats of either sex treated orally with TMB (5, 20, 100 and 1000 mg/kg single oral dose). Subacute toxicity was carried out with 5, 20 and 100 mg/kg administered orally daily for 7 days while, 5mg/kg dose daily was used for 80 days for chronic toxicity study. In addition, teratological studies including both prenatal and postnatal studies were done in rats treated with TMB (5mg/kg single dose orally for 60 days plus during mating plus either upto 18 days of gestation or till delivery respectively to assess the safety profile of the drug. Results: TMB did not show any acute, subacute or chronic toxicity in terms of any change in general parameters (behaviour, mortality, weight gain, food and water intake). It did not produce any change in hematological profile, liver function tests and histopathological studies of major organs (liver, kidney, adrenals and testis) after 80 days study in rats. Teratological studies in rats showed no deleterious effect on organogenesis or intrauterine fetal development or any harmful effects on postnatal development of rat pups. Conclusion: The above observations are likely to strengthen the safe use of commonly used Ayruvedic medicine Tamrabhasma (TMB) in peptic ulcer diseases.

Keywords

Tamrabhasma, Toxicity, Physiological, Reproductive, Teratological Parameters

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M. C. Joshi , M. Mohan Kumar , T. Prabha , M. Dorababu , R. K. Goel

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the status of gastric mucosal defense in pylorus-ligated (PL)-induced gastric ulceration (GU) and secretion in normal and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats and to study the effect of methanolic extract of dried powder of unripe plantain banana pulp (Musa sapientum var. paradisiaca, MSE) shown to have both ulcer protective action and hypoglycemic principle in normal and NIDDM rats with concurrent gastroduodenal ulceration. Methods: NIDDM was induced in 5 days old rat pups by administering 70 mg/kg of streptozotocin intraperitoneally and blood glucose estimation was done after 12 weeks (blood glucose level >140 mg/dL and stable). Gastric ulcers were induced both in normal (NR) and NIDDM rats by 4 h PL. MSE was used in a dose of 100 mg/kg, orally (po), once daily (od) for 6 days. Standard ulcer protective drug sucralfate (SFT) and standard oral hypoglycemic agent glibenclamide (GLC) were used in a dose of 500mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg respectively, po, od for 6 days. Results: MSE but not SFT tended to decrease blood glucose level at the ulcer protective dose used, while GLC significantly reduced it both in normal as well as in NIDDM rats. There was an increased propensity to gastric ulceration in NIDDM-PL rats compared to the normal PL rats. NIDDM rats showed a tendency to increase in acid-pepsin secretion and decrease in mucin secretion and life span of mucosal cells. Both SFT and MSE showed significant antiulcer activity against PL-GU in NR and NIDDM rats, where as GLC showed a significant effect only against PL-GU in NIDDM rats. Both MSE (having little or no effect on offensive acid-pepsin secretion) and SFT (caused decrease in pepsin secretion) significantly increased the defensive factors like mucin secretion and life span of mucosal cells both in NR-PL and NIDDM-PL rats while, GLC reversed the above parameters only in NIDDM-PL rats near to the normal control level. Conclusion: The study thus indicated that diabetes do affect both the offensive and defensive gastric mucosal factors and correction of either blood sugar level or promotion of defensive mucosal factors do overcome the damage induced by diabetes vis a vis gastric ulceration. Plantain banana by virtue of its having both ulcer protective activity and hypoglycemic principle showed better effect than SFT or GLC alone in NIDDM rats.

Keywords

NIDDM, Gastric Ulcer, Acid-pepsin, Mucin, Cell Shedding, Plantain Banana

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K. Agrawal , Shivani Ghildiyal , M. K. Gautam , V. K. Joshi , R. K. Goel

Abstract

Cassia fistula (CF) is known as Aragvadha (disease killer) in Ayurvedic classics and its sun-dried (SD) fruit pulp has been advocated for the treatment of constipation, fever, leprosy, diabetes, intestinal disorders and wounds. Present study includes the evaluation of SD and non-sun dried (NSD) fruit pulp of CF for purgative action in rat and acute toxicity in mouse. Aqueous suspension of SD and NSD were administered orally 60 min before experiment in rats and SD just before toxicity study in mice. Both SD and NSD in the dose of 1.0 g/kg showed an increase in the number of defecations and fecal output during 4 hour after treatment but stool was semisolid with SD and semisolid and watery with NSD. Both SD and NSD treated rats showed increase in the intestinal intraluminal fluid (ILF) accumulation and motility but the accumulation of ILF was less marked in SD group compared to NSD group. The stimulatory effect of SD on ILF accumulation and intestinal motility could be due to its predominant action on NO formation as only L-NAME a NOS inhibitor blocked both ILF accumulation and intestinal motility per se and in SD-treated rats while atropine (anti-cholinergic), loperamide (μ and k receptor inhibitor) and indomethacin (PGs synthesis blocker) partially blocked them. 10 g/kg oral dose (10 times of optimal effective dose) of SD did not show any acute toxic effect in mice. The result confirms the indigenous use of sun-dried fruit pulp of C. fistula in constipation.

Keywords

Cassia fistula, Purgative, Nitric Oxide, PGs, Opioids, Cholinergic

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B. Parkash ¹, R. K. Goel ¹, Pankaj Sinha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Roorkee, Roorkee, U. P., IN

Abstract

The present paper deals with a study of thickness of cross-bedding units and palaeocurrents as deduced from cross-bedding foreset dip azimuths of the Siwaliks of Panjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. All the three sub-divisions of the Siwaliks-Lower, Middle and Upper exhibit mainly southerly palaeocurrent directions and the variance of cross-bedding foreset dip azimuths seems to decrease from the Lower to Upper Siwaliks. Consistent southerly paleocurrent direction in the Upper Siwaliks suggests that they were probably deposited in a single continuous basin instead of two separate basins.

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R. K. Goel ¹, N. G. K. Nair ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Geology & Geophysics, University of Roorkee, IN

Abstract

Classic pin valley section in Spiti (Himachal Pradesh) India, has been re-examined and formal stratigraphic nomenclature in terms of the Lower Paleozoic succession of Spiti is proposed.

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B. Parkash ¹, R. K. Goel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Roorkee, Roorkee, U.P., IN

Abstract

Synthesis of the stratigraphy, paleocurrents and depositional environment of the Siwaliks and sediments suggests that Lower and Middle Siwaliks were deposited predominantly in the form of overlapping, mega alluvial cones of rivers emerging from the Himalaya and flowing southward. Forerunners of some of the modern rivers of great antiquity played an important role in their deposition. During the Upper Siwalik times the Himalaya attained great heights and several important rivers developed on the southern slopes of the central range and deposition continued as before with the difference that a wide piedmont deposit of coarse conglomerate formed near the foot hills. During Siwalik times, an easterly flowing river close to the southern boundary of the area of deposition drained the rivers emerging from the Himalaya.

The present geomorphic set up is essentially a continuation of the one developed during Siwalik times with only minor changes.

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